The use of retorted oil shale as urea coating does not modify chemical parameters of free-drained soil solution

The objective of this work was to investigate the possible contamination soil solution with chemical elements present in composition retorted oil shale (ROS) when used together nitrogen fertilization as urea. experiment conducted a silvopastoral system an experimental design randomized blocks, subdivided plots. main treatments consisted spatial arrangements trees, while split plots constituted broadcast application urea (U) and covered ROS (U+ROS). Regardless spacing use U + implied no significant effect on parameters leached at 40 cm depth. heavy metals Cd, As, Al Pb, most hazardous trace ROS, were not even detected solution, none sampling event. Such results are mainly attributed their low contents ROS. Our evidenced that, large cumulative rates application, potential for water table ROS-derived is negligible climate conditions study. Thus, has agriculture, increasing efficiency without causing environmental impacts.